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Ateliers of Polish painters in Munich ca. 1890

Carl Teufel: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski’s artist atelier, Munich 1889. Black and white photograph from glass negative, 18 x 24 cm, Foto Marburg image archive, Image No.: 121.688, Digitisation 2013

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Fig. 1: Józef Brandt - Carl Teufel: Josef Brandt’s atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 1: Józef Brandt
Fig. 1: Józef Brandt - Carl Teufel: Josef Brandt’s atelier, Munich 1889 © © Bildarchiv Foto Marburg / Carl Teufel - All rights reserved https://www.bildindex.de/media/obj22004980/fm121569
Fig. 2: Józef Brandt - Carl Teufel: Josef Brandt
Fig. 2: Józef Brandt
Fig. 2: Józef Brandt - Carl Teufel: Josef Brandt's atelier, Munich 1889 © Münchner Digitalisierungs-Zentrum, Digitale Bibliothek http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0011/bsb00110288/images/
Fig. 3: Szymon Buchbinder  - Carl Teufel: Szymon Buchbinder
Fig. 3: Szymon Buchbinder
Fig. 3: Szymon Buchbinder - Carl Teufel: Szymon Buchbinder's atelier, Munich 1889 © © Bildarchiv Foto Marburg / Carl Teufel - All rights reserved https://www.bildindex.de/media/obj22004983/fm121576
Fig. 4: Szymon Buchbinder  - Carl Teufel: Szymon Buchbinder
Fig. 4: Szymon Buchbinder
Fig. 4: Szymon Buchbinder - Carl Teufel: Szymon Buchbinder's atelier, Munich 1889 © Münchner Digitalisierungs-Zentrum, Digitale Bibliothek http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0011/bsb00110288/images/
Fig. 1: Józef Brandt
Carl Teufel: Josef Brandt’s atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 2: Józef Brandt
Carl Teufel: Josef Brandt's atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 3: Szymon Buchbinder
Carl Teufel: Szymon Buchbinder's atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 4: Szymon Buchbinder
Carl Teufel: Szymon Buchbinder's atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 5: Władysław Czachórski  - Carl Teufel: Władysław Czachórski
Fig. 5: Władysław Czachórski
Fig. 5: Władysław Czachórski - Carl Teufel: Władysław Czachórski's atelier, Munich 1889 © © Bildarchiv Foto Marburg / Carl Teufel - All rights reserved https://www.bildindex.de/media/obj22004988/fm121579
Fig. 5a: Władysław Czachórski  - Lady in purple dress with flowers, Munich 1880-90, oil on canvas, 55 x 78 cm
Fig. 5a: Władysław Czachórski
Fig. 5a: Władysław Czachórski - Lady in purple dress with flowers, Munich 1880-90, oil on canvas, 55 x 78 cm © http://cyfrowe.mnw.art.pl
Fig. 6: Władysław Czachórski - Carl Teufel: Władysław Czachórski
Fig. 6: Władysław Czachórski
Fig. 6: Władysław Czachórski - Carl Teufel: Władysław Czachórski's atelier, Munich 1889 © Münchner Digitalisierungs-Zentrum, Digitale Bibliothek http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0011/bsb00110288/images/
Fig. 7: Franciszek Ejsmond  - Carl Teufel: Franciszek Ejsmond
Fig. 7: Franciszek Ejsmond
Fig. 7: Franciszek Ejsmond - Carl Teufel: Franciszek Ejsmond's atelier, Munich 1889 © © Bildarchiv Foto Marburg / Carl Teufel - All rights reserved https://www.bildindex.de/media/obj22004999/fm121609
Fig. 5: Władysław Czachórski
Carl Teufel: Władysław Czachórski's atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 5a: Władysław Czachórski
Lady in purple dress with flowers, Munich 1880-90, oil on canvas, 55 x 78 cm
Fig. 6: Władysław Czachórski
Carl Teufel: Władysław Czachórski's atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 7: Franciszek Ejsmond
Carl Teufel: Franciszek Ejsmond's atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 8: Franciszek Ejsmond  - Carl Teufel: Franciszek Ejsmond
Fig. 8: Franciszek Ejsmond
Fig. 8: Franciszek Ejsmond - Carl Teufel: Franciszek Ejsmond's atelier, Munich 1889 © © Bildarchiv Foto Marburg / Carl Teufel - All rights reserved https://www.bildindex.de/media/obj22004999/fm121610
Fig. 8a: Franciszek Ejsmond - Photograph based on a painting by Franciszek Ejsmond, ca. 1890, National Museum in Warsaw
Fig. 8a: Franciszek Ejsmond
Fig. 8a: Franciszek Ejsmond - Photograph based on a painting by Franciszek Ejsmond, ca. 1890, National Museum in Warsaw © Muzeum Cyfrowe / http://cyfrowe.mnw.art.pl/dmuseion/
Fig. 9: Franciszek Ejsmond  - Carl Teufel: Franciszek Ejsmond
Fig. 9: Franciszek Ejsmond
Fig. 9: Franciszek Ejsmond - Carl Teufel: Franciszek Ejsmond's atelier, Munich 1889 © Münchner Digitalisierungs-Zentrum, Digitale Bibliothek http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0011/bsb00110288/images/
Fig. 10: Zdzisław Jasiński - Carl Teufel: Zdzisław Jasiński
Fig. 10: Zdzisław Jasiński
Fig. 10: Zdzisław Jasiński - Carl Teufel: Zdzisław Jasiński's atelier, Munich 1889 © © Bildarchiv Foto Marburg / Carl Teufel - All rights reserved https://www.bildindex.de/media/obj22005035/fm121669
Fig. 8: Franciszek Ejsmond
Carl Teufel: Franciszek Ejsmond's atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 8a: Franciszek Ejsmond
Photograph based on a painting by Franciszek Ejsmond, ca. 1890, National Museum in Warsaw
Fig. 9: Franciszek Ejsmond
Carl Teufel: Franciszek Ejsmond's atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 10: Zdzisław Jasiński
Carl Teufel: Zdzisław Jasiński's atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 10a: Zdzisław Jasiński - Zdzisław Jasiński: The ailing mother, oil on canvas, 1889, on the auction market
Fig. 10a: Zdzisław Jasiński
Fig. 10a: Zdzisław Jasiński - Zdzisław Jasiński: The ailing mother, oil on canvas, 1889, on the auction market © http://www.agraart.pl
Fig. 10b: Zdzisław Jasiński - Felix Jasiński: Etching based on the painting “The ailing mother”/ “Chora matka” (1889) by Zdzisław Jasiński, 1890, National Library of Warsaw
Fig. 10b: Zdzisław Jasiński
Fig. 10b: Zdzisław Jasiński - Felix Jasiński: Etching based on the painting “The ailing mother”/ “Chora matka” (1889) by Zdzisław Jasiński, 1890, National Library of Warsaw © https://polona.pl/item/chora-matka,NzAwODA5NjY/0/#info:metadata
Fig. 11: Antoni Kozakiewicz  - Carl Teufel: Künstleratelier Antoni Kozakiewicz, München 1889
Fig. 11: Antoni Kozakiewicz
Fig. 11: Antoni Kozakiewicz - Carl Teufel: Künstleratelier Antoni Kozakiewicz, München 1889 © © Bildarchiv Foto Marburg / Carl Teufel - All rights reserved https://www.bildindex.de/media/obj22005052/fm121690
Fig. 12: Antoni Kozakiewicz  - Carl Teufel: Antoni Kozakiewicz
Fig. 12: Antoni Kozakiewicz
Fig. 12: Antoni Kozakiewicz - Carl Teufel: Antoni Kozakiewicz's atelier, Munich 1889 © Münchner Digitalisierungs-Zentrum, Digitale Bibliothek http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0011/bsb00110306/images/
Fig. 10a: Zdzisław Jasiński
Zdzisław Jasiński: The ailing mother, oil on canvas, 1889, on the auction market
Fig. 10b: Zdzisław Jasiński
Felix Jasiński: Etching based on the painting “The ailing mother”/ “Chora matka” (1889) by Zdzisław Jasiński, 1890, National Library of Warsaw
Fig. 11: Antoni Kozakiewicz
Carl Teufel: Künstleratelier Antoni Kozakiewicz, München 1889
Fig. 12: Antoni Kozakiewicz
Carl Teufel: Antoni Kozakiewicz's atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 13: Kazimierz Pułaski - Carl Teufel: Kazimierz Pułaski
Fig. 13: Kazimierz Pułaski
Fig. 13: Kazimierz Pułaski - Carl Teufel: Kazimierz Pułaski's atelier, Munich 1889 © © Bildarchiv Foto Marburg / Carl Teufel - All rights reserved https://www.bildindex.de/media/obj22005106/fm121771?medium=fm121771
Fig. 14: Jan Rosen - Carl Teufel: Jan Rosen
Fig. 14: Jan Rosen
Fig. 14: Jan Rosen - Carl Teufel: Jan Rosen's atelier, Munich 1889 © © Bildarchiv Foto Marburg / Carl Teufel - All rights reserved https://www.bildindex.de/media/obj20394867/fm121783
Fig. 15: Jan Rosen - Carl Teufel: Jan Rosen
Fig. 15: Jan Rosen
Fig. 15: Jan Rosen - Carl Teufel: Jan Rosen's atelier, Munich 1889 © Münchner Digitalisierungs-Zentrum, Digitale Bibliothek http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0011/bsb00110307/images/
Fig. 16: Franciszek Streitt  - Carl Teufel: Franciszek Streitt
Fig. 16: Franciszek Streitt
Fig. 16: Franciszek Streitt - Carl Teufel: Franciszek Streitt's atelier, Munich 1889 © © Bildarchiv Foto Marburg / Carl Teufel - All rights reserved https://www.bildindex.de/media/obj22005152/fm121835
Fig. 13: Kazimierz Pułaski
Carl Teufel: Kazimierz Pułaski's atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 14: Jan Rosen
Carl Teufel: Jan Rosen's atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 15: Jan Rosen
Carl Teufel: Jan Rosen's atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 16: Franciszek Streitt
Carl Teufel: Franciszek Streitt's atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 16a: Franciszek Streitt  - Franciszek Streitt: A flower for the hat, ca. 1889. Oil on canvas, 72.5 x 58.5 cm, on the auction market
Fig. 16a: Franciszek Streitt
Fig. 16a: Franciszek Streitt - Franciszek Streitt: A flower for the hat, ca. 1889. Oil on canvas, 72.5 x 58.5 cm, on the auction market © http://www.agraart.pl
Fig. 16b: Franciszek Streitt  - Franciszek Streitt: Gypsy boy playing a violin, 1890. Oil on canvas, 50.5 x 41 cm, on the auction market
Fig. 16b: Franciszek Streitt
Fig. 16b: Franciszek Streitt - Franciszek Streitt: Gypsy boy playing a violin, 1890. Oil on canvas, 50.5 x 41 cm, on the auction market © https://imkinsky.com/de/kuenstler/21148-franz-streitt/48217-franz-streitt
Fig. 17: Franciszek Streitt  - Carl Teufel: Franciszek Streitt
Fig. 17: Franciszek Streitt
Fig. 17: Franciszek Streitt - Carl Teufel: Franciszek Streitt's atelier, Munich 1889 © Münchner Digitalisierungs-Zentrum, Digitale Bibliothek http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0011/bsb00110307/images/
Fig. 18: Zdzisław Suchodolski  - Carl Teufel: Zdzisław Suchodolski
Fig. 18: Zdzisław Suchodolski
Fig. 18: Zdzisław Suchodolski - Carl Teufel: Zdzisław Suchodolski's atelier, Munich 1889 © © Bildarchiv Foto Marburg / Carl Teufel - All rights reserved https://www.bildindex.de/media/obj22005155/fm121838
Fig. 16a: Franciszek Streitt
Franciszek Streitt: A flower for the hat, ca. 1889. Oil on canvas, 72.5 x 58.5 cm, on the auction market
Fig. 16b: Franciszek Streitt
Franciszek Streitt: Gypsy boy playing a violin, 1890. Oil on canvas, 50.5 x 41 cm, on the auction market
Fig. 17: Franciszek Streitt
Carl Teufel: Franciszek Streitt's atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 18: Zdzisław Suchodolski
Carl Teufel: Zdzisław Suchodolski's atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 19: Zdzisław Suchodolski  - Carl Teufel: Zdzisław Suchodolski
Fig. 19: Zdzisław Suchodolski
Fig. 19: Zdzisław Suchodolski - Carl Teufel: Zdzisław Suchodolski's atelier, Munich 1889 © Münchner Digitalisierungs-Zentrum, Digitale Bibliothek http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0011/bsb00110307/images/
Fig. 20: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski - Carl Teufel: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski’s atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 20: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski
Fig. 20: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski - Carl Teufel: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski’s atelier, Munich 1889 © © Bildarchiv Foto Marburg / Carl Teufel - All rights reserved https://www.bildindex.de/media/obj22005051/fm121688
Fig. 20a: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski - Attack by wolves, 1910, wood engraving
Fig. 20a: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski
Fig. 20a: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski - Attack by wolves, 1910, wood engraving © District Museum/Muzeum Okręgowe, Suwałki
Fig. 20b: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski - Team of horses crossing a ford, 1890, oil on canvas, 72 x 118 cm
Fig. 20b: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski
Fig. 20b: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski - Team of horses crossing a ford, 1890, oil on canvas, 72 x 118 cm © District Museum/Muzeum Okręgowe, Suwałki (on loan from a private collection)
Fig. 19: Zdzisław Suchodolski
Carl Teufel: Zdzisław Suchodolski's atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 20: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski
Carl Teufel: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski’s atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 20a: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski
Attack by wolves, 1910, wood engraving
Fig. 20b: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski
Team of horses crossing a ford, 1890, oil on canvas, 72 x 118 cm
Fig. 21: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski - Carl Teufel: Alfred WieruszKowalski’s atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 21: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski
Fig. 21: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski - Carl Teufel: Alfred WieruszKowalski’s atelier, Munich 1889 © © Bildarchiv Foto Marburg / Carl Teufel - All rights reserved https://www.bildindex.de/media/obj22005051/fm121689
Fig. 22: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski - Carl Teufel: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski’s atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 22: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski
Fig. 22: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski - Carl Teufel: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski’s atelier, Munich 1889 © Münchner Digitalisierungs-Zentrum, Digitale Bibliothek http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0011/bsb00110306/images/
Fig. 23: Palette of Munich painters - Paleta malarzy monachijskich, Tygodnik Ilustrowany, Warsaw 1890
Fig. 23: Palette of Munich painters
Fig. 23: Palette of Munich painters - Paleta malarzy monachijskich, Tygodnik Ilustrowany, Warsaw 1890 © Biblioteka cyfrowa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Album malarzy polskich, Warsaw 1876 - Album malarzy polskich. Serya pierwsza. Monachium, Warsaw 1876
Album malarzy polskich, Warsaw 1876
Album malarzy polskich, Warsaw 1876 - Album malarzy polskich. Serya pierwsza. Monachium, Warsaw 1876
Fig. 21: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski
Carl Teufel: Alfred WieruszKowalski’s atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 22: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski
Carl Teufel: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski’s atelier, Munich 1889
Fig. 23: Palette of Munich painters
Paleta malarzy monachijskich, Tygodnik Ilustrowany, Warsaw 1890
Album malarzy polskich, Warsaw 1876
Album malarzy polskich. Serya pierwsza. Monachium, Warsaw 1876
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Carl Teufel: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski’s artist atelier, Munich 1889. Black and white photograph from glass negative, 18 x 24 cm, Foto Marburg image archive, Image No.: 121.688, Digitisation 2013
Carl Teufel: Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski’s artist atelier, Munich 1889. Black and white photograph from glass negative, 18 x 24 cm, Foto Marburg image archive, Image No.: 121.688, Digitisation 2013

In the autumn of 1889, the Munich author and editor Julius Beck (1852-1920) published a two-instalment article in the popular magazine Vom Fels zum Meer, published by Wilhelm Spemann’s Union-Verlag in Stuttgart, about “Munich artists’ ateliers”. Beck’s observation’s were based on photographs of the interiors of sixty studios which were taken by Carl Teufel (1845-1912), a professional photographer from Munich, in 1889 and which also show the artists in various poses. In his essay, Beck reproduced twelve such images in the form of wood engravings, but without stating the origin of the images or the name of the photographer.[1]

Prints of Teufel’s original images had previously been published in the Munich publishing house Ackermanns Nachfolger Emil Franke in the spring of 1889 in folio format and could be bought separately for two marks each. The art critic Friedrich Pecht (1814-1903) reported in the magazine Die Kunst für Alle: These photographs do not just show the “bird”, they also show the “nest” which they, the artists, have built from “rarities bundled together from around the world”. From the artists’ poses you can tell their “disposition”, “since the occasional smugness of those concerned, just like the amiable modesty, proved almost consistently to be much more titillating and much more creative” than most portrait painters would have wanted to portray.[2] Beck wrote about the effect the artists’ ateliers had on the audience: “Atelier! How strange this foreign word seems to me, not native at all, and yet so homelike, so meaningless in the generality of the present day and yet so meaningful as a speciality […] For the room in which the academic, the poet, the author, the composer creates, we have the expressive ‘workroom’, the ‘study room’; the artist has - an atelier! – What magic can be found in the word alone. How much it invigorates our curiosity, and how active our imagination becomes when we try to make the term cohesive with the person and the works of the artist.”[3]

From the beginning of the 1870s right up to the turn of the century and beyond, artists’ ateliers, especially those of painters – among the photographs taken by Teufel are five images of sculptors’ workshops[4] – were not just used as workshops for producing artworks. Instead, they were richly decorated reception rooms in which the artists received their students, fellow painters, collectors and gallery owners, high-ranking bigwigs and travellers from all over the world. Their role model was the atelier of the Viennese historic painter Hans Makart (1840-1884), who set up a new painting studio in Vienna after his return from Rome in 1872 and lavishly decorated it with heavy wall hangings, elaborately carved furniture, carpets, brass instruments, antiques, weapons and enormous bouquets of dried flowers, emu feathers and palm branches. Makart held his atelier parties there, received the Austrian Empress Elisabeth and allowed tourist groups to visit in the afternoons. In the twenty to thirty years that followed, up to three hundred prestigious artists’ ateliers, some open to the public, were established, predominantly in Munich where Makart had studied from 1860 under the historic painter Carl Theodor von Piloty (1826-1886).

Moreover, in 1889 Teufel self-published a three-volume print edition, each containing one hundred prints of his atelier images.[5] They also include nine photographic images of the studios of Polish artists who lived in Munich for a few years or until the end of their life, including images by Józef Brandt (Fig. 2), Szymon Buchbinder (Fig. 4), Władysław Czachórski (Fig. 6), Franciszek Ejsmond (Fig. 9), Antoni Kozakiewicz (Fig. 12), Jan Rosen (Fig. 15), Franciszek Streitt (Fig. 17), Zdzisław Suchodolski (Fig. 19) and Alfred Wierusz-Kowalski (Fig. 22). However, Teufel, whose main profession involved producing template photographs for artists, which included landscapes, scenes from the world of work, historical architecture and nudes, and thousands of documentary images for the Bavarian National Museum and the Bavarian State Library, took a lot more photographs in the artists’ ateliers. Today, we know of about 375 motifs from 237 Munich ateliers which he photographed from 1889/90 up until the end of his life, around 340 original glass negatives of which have remained intact in a 14 x 18 cm format.

 

[1] A selection of the images used by Beck as well as assumptions and stimuli from his article can be found a little later in the article “Painter’s Studios” by Lewis C. Hind in: The Art Journal, New Series, London 1890, pages 11-16 and 40-45, a sequel of which was dedicated to the studios of English artists (pages 135-139) (digital reproduction: https://archive.org/details/gri_33125006187625/page/n23). All links in the following notes were last retrieved in December 2018.

[2] F. Pt. (Friedrich Pecht): “So wenig man ein Mädchen kennt …“, in: Die Kunst für Alle, 4th Edition 1888/89 (Issue 18, 15 June 1889), Munich 1889, page 288 (digital reproduction: https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/kfa1888_1889/0369/image)

[3] Beck 1890 (see Literature), column 229 f.

[4] Langer 1992 (see Literature), page 10

[5] Teufel 1889, 3 volumes (see literature and online resources)