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Maczków. A Polish enclave in North Germany

The town of Haren, initially known as Lwów, and later as Maczków, 1945.

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Haren renamed Lwów - Haren renamed Lwów, then Maczków, 1945.
Haren renamed Lwów
Haren renamed Lwów - Haren renamed Lwów, then Maczków, 1945. © Polish Library POSK in London
Haren as Lwów - Haren as Lwów, 1945.
Haren as Lwów
Haren as Lwów - Haren as Lwów, 1945. © Polish Library POSK in London
The Polish 1st Armoured Division - The Polish 1st Armoured Division - General Stanisław Maczek - in Germany, 1945.
The Polish 1st Armoured Division
The Polish 1st Armoured Division - The Polish 1st Armoured Division - General Stanisław Maczek - in Germany, 1945. © Polish Library POSK in London
The Polish 1st Armoured Division - The Polish 1st Armoured Division - General Stanisław Maczek - in Germany, 1945.
The Polish 1st Armoured Division
The Polish 1st Armoured Division - The Polish 1st Armoured Division - General Stanisław Maczek - in Germany, 1945. © Polnische Bibliothek POSK in London
Haren renamed Lwów
Haren renamed Lwów, then Maczków, 1945.
Haren as Lwów
Haren as Lwów, 1945.
The Polish 1st Armoured Division
The Polish 1st Armoured Division - General Stanisław Maczek - in Germany, 1945.
The Polish 1st Armoured Division
The Polish 1st Armoured Division - General Stanisław Maczek - in Germany, 1945.
The Polish 1st Armoured Division - The Polish 1st Armoured Division - General Stanisław Maczek - in Germany, 1945.
The Polish 1st Armoured Division
The Polish 1st Armoured Division - The Polish 1st Armoured Division - General Stanisław Maczek - in Germany, 1945. © Polish Library POSK in London
The Polish 1st Armoured Division in Maczków - The Polish 1st Armoured Division - General Stanisław Maczek - in Maczków on the street "Kopernika", 1945 r.
The Polish 1st Armoured Division in Maczków
The Polish 1st Armoured Division in Maczków - The Polish 1st Armoured Division - General Stanisław Maczek - in Maczków on the street "Kopernika", 1945 r. © Polish Library POSK in London
The Polish 1st Armoured Division in Maczków - The Polish 1st Armoured Division in Maczków, 1945
The Polish 1st Armoured Division in Maczków
The Polish 1st Armoured Division in Maczków - The Polish 1st Armoured Division in Maczków, 1945 © Polish Library POSK in London
The Polish 1st Armoured Division in the surroundings of Maczków - The Polish 1st Armoured Division in the surroundings of Maczków, 1945
The Polish 1st Armoured Division in the surroundings of Maczków
The Polish 1st Armoured Division in the surroundings of Maczków - The Polish 1st Armoured Division in the surroundings of Maczków, 1945 © Polish Library POSK in London
The Polish 1st Armoured Division
The Polish 1st Armoured Division - General Stanisław Maczek - in Germany, 1945.
The Polish 1st Armoured Division in Maczków
The Polish 1st Armoured Division - General Stanisław Maczek - in Maczków on the street "Kopernika", 1945 r.
The Polish 1st Armoured Division in Maczków
The Polish 1st Armoured Division in Maczków, 1945
The Polish 1st Armoured Division in the surroundings of Maczków
The Polish 1st Armoured Division in the surroundings of Maczków, 1945
Polish flag on a tower in Maczków (?) or Meppen - 1945
Polish flag on a tower in Maczków (?) or Meppen
Polish flag on a tower in Maczków (?) or Meppen - 1945 © Polish Library POSK in London
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków - General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków, 1945
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków - General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków, 1945 © Polish Library POSK in London
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków - General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków, 1945.
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków - General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków, 1945. © Polish Library POSK in London
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków - General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków, 1945
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków - General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków, 1945 © Polish Library POSK in London
Polish flag on a tower in Maczków (?) or Meppen
1945
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków, 1945
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków, 1945.
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków, 1945
General Bór-Komorowski and General Maczek - General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków with General Maczek (on the left), 1945.
General Bór-Komorowski and General Maczek
General Bór-Komorowski and General Maczek - General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków with General Maczek (on the left), 1945. © Polish Library POSK in London
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków - General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków, 1945
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków - General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków, 1945 © Polish Library POSK in London
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków with General Maczek - General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków with General Maczek (on the right), 1945
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków with General Maczek
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków with General Maczek - General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków with General Maczek (on the right), 1945 © Polish Library POSK in London
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków with General Maczek - General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków with General Maczek (on the right), 1945
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków with General Maczek
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków with General Maczek - General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków with General Maczek (on the right), 1945 © Polish Library POSK in London
General Bór-Komorowski and General Maczek
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków with General Maczek (on the left), 1945.
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków, 1945
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków with General Maczek
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków with General Maczek (on the right), 1945
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków with General Maczek
General Bór-Komorowski visits Maczków with General Maczek (on the right), 1945
The hospital in Maczków - The hospital in Maczków, 1945
The hospital in Maczków
The hospital in Maczków - The hospital in Maczków, 1945 © Polish Library POSK in London
Maczków with Polish flags - Maczków with Polish flags, 1945
Maczków with Polish flags
Maczków with Polish flags - Maczków with Polish flags, 1945 © Polish Library POSK in London
The clockmaker
The clockmaker's factory in Maczków
The clockmaker's factory in Maczków - The clockmaker's factory in Maczków, 1945 © Polish Library POSK in London
Association of Polish Technicians in Maczków - Association of Polish Technicians in Maczków, 1945
Association of Polish Technicians in Maczków
Association of Polish Technicians in Maczków - Association of Polish Technicians in Maczków, 1945 © Polish Library POSK in London
The hospital in Maczków
The hospital in Maczków, 1945
Maczków with Polish flags
Maczków with Polish flags, 1945
The clockmaker's factory in Maczków
The clockmaker's factory in Maczków, 1945
Association of Polish Technicians in Maczków
Association of Polish Technicians in Maczków, 1945
Polish municipal council in Maczków - Polish municipal council in Maczków, 1945.
Polish municipal council in Maczków
Polish municipal council in Maczków - Polish municipal council in Maczków, 1945. © Polish Library POSK in London
Economic office of the municipal council - Economic office of the municipal council, 1945
Economic office of the municipal council
Economic office of the municipal council - Economic office of the municipal council, 1945 © Polish Library POSK in London
Culture and education office of the municipal council - Culture and education office of the municipal council, 1945
Culture and education office of the municipal council
Culture and education office of the municipal council - Culture and education office of the municipal council, 1945 © Polish Library POSK in London
Public vocational school in Maczków - Public vocational school in Maczków, 1945
Public vocational school in Maczków
Public vocational school in Maczków - Public vocational school in Maczków, 1945 © Polish Library POSK in London
Polish municipal council in Maczków
Polish municipal council in Maczków, 1945.
Economic office of the municipal council
Economic office of the municipal council, 1945
Culture and education office of the municipal council
Culture and education office of the municipal council, 1945
Public vocational school in Maczków
Public vocational school in Maczków, 1945
Polish women from the Oberlangen camp - Polish women from the Oberlangen camp (Emsland) in Maczków, 1945
Polish women from the Oberlangen camp
Polish women from the Oberlangen camp - Polish women from the Oberlangen camp (Emsland) in Maczków, 1945 © Polish Library POSK in London
A Polish soldier monitors Germans at work - A Polish soldier monitors Germans at work in the camp Oberlangen near Maczków, 1945.
A Polish soldier monitors Germans at work
A Polish soldier monitors Germans at work - A Polish soldier monitors Germans at work in the camp Oberlangen near Maczków, 1945. © Polish Library POSK in London
A Polish soldier with literature - A Polish soldier in the liberated prisoner of war camp in Oberlangen near Maczków with borrowed literature from the library, 1945
A Polish soldier with literature
A Polish soldier with literature - A Polish soldier in the liberated prisoner of war camp in Oberlangen near Maczków with borrowed literature from the library, 1945 © Polish Library POSK in London
Nurses of the Polish hospital in Maczków - Nurses of the Polish hospital in Maczków, 1945
Nurses of the Polish hospital in Maczków
Nurses of the Polish hospital in Maczków - Nurses of the Polish hospital in Maczków, 1945 © Polish Library POSK in London
Polish women from the Oberlangen camp
Polish women from the Oberlangen camp (Emsland) in Maczków, 1945
A Polish soldier monitors Germans at work
A Polish soldier monitors Germans at work in the camp Oberlangen near Maczków, 1945.
A Polish soldier with literature
A Polish soldier in the liberated prisoner of war camp in Oberlangen near Maczków with borrowed literature from the library, 1945
Nurses of the Polish hospital in Maczków
Nurses of the Polish hospital in Maczków, 1945
Artykuł Tadeusza Nowakowskiego „Pożegnanie Maczkowa“ - Artykuł Tadeusza Nowakowskiego „Pożegnanie Maczkowa“ w „Orle Białym“ z 28. Czerwca 1947 r.
Artykuł Tadeusza Nowakowskiego „Pożegnanie Maczkowa“
Artykuł Tadeusza Nowakowskiego „Pożegnanie Maczkowa“ - Artykuł Tadeusza Nowakowskiego „Pożegnanie Maczkowa“ w „Orle Białym“ z 28. Czerwca 1947 r.
Soldiers from the I. Tank Division marching through Maczków - Soldiers from the I. Tank Division marching through Maczków, 1945
Soldiers from the I. Tank Division marching through Maczków
Soldiers from the I. Tank Division marching through Maczków - Soldiers from the I. Tank Division marching through Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
The certificate of appointment of Dr. Zygmunt Gałecki to the post of Mayor of the town of Maczków - The certificate of appointment of Dr. Zygmunt Gałecki to the post of Mayor of the town of Maczków, 23rd July 1945
The certificate of appointment of Dr. Zygmunt Gałecki to the post of Mayor of the town of Maczków
The certificate of appointment of Dr. Zygmunt Gałecki to the post of Mayor of the town of Maczków - The certificate of appointment of Dr. Zygmunt Gałecki to the post of Mayor of the town of Maczków, 23rd July 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Dr. Zygmunt Gałecki, the first mayor of the town of Maczków - Dr. Zygmunt Gałecki, the first mayor of the town of Maczków, 1945
Dr. Zygmunt Gałecki, the first mayor of the town of Maczków
Dr. Zygmunt Gałecki, the first mayor of the town of Maczków - Dr. Zygmunt Gałecki, the first mayor of the town of Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Artykuł Tadeusza Nowakowskiego „Pożegnanie Maczkowa“
Artykuł Tadeusza Nowakowskiego „Pożegnanie Maczkowa“ w „Orle Białym“ z 28. Czerwca 1947 r.
Soldiers from the I. Tank Division marching through Maczków
Soldiers from the I. Tank Division marching through Maczków, 1945
The certificate of appointment of Dr. Zygmunt Gałecki to the post of Mayor of the town of Maczków
The certificate of appointment of Dr. Zygmunt Gałecki to the post of Mayor of the town of Maczków, 23rd July 1945
Dr. Zygmunt Gałecki, the first mayor of the town of Maczków
Dr. Zygmunt Gałecki, the first mayor of the town of Maczków, 1945
Poles in Maczków - Poles in Maczków, 1945
Poles in Maczków
Poles in Maczków - Poles in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Polish women from the Oberlangen camp (Emsland) in Maczków - Polish women from the Oberlangen camp (Emsland) in Maczków, 1945
Polish women from the Oberlangen camp (Emsland) in Maczków
Polish women from the Oberlangen camp (Emsland) in Maczków - Polish women from the Oberlangen camp (Emsland) in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Poles in Maczków - Poles in Maczków, 1945
Poles in Maczków
Poles in Maczków - Poles in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Poles in Maczków - Poles in Maczków, 1945
Poles in Maczków
Poles in Maczków - Poles in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Poles in Maczków
Poles in Maczków, 1945
Polish women from the Oberlangen camp (Emsland) in Maczków
Polish women from the Oberlangen camp (Emsland) in Maczków, 1945
Poles in Maczków
Poles in Maczków, 1945
Poles in Maczków
Poles in Maczków, 1945
Poles in Maczków, winter 1945/1946 - Poles in Maczków, winter 1945/1946
Poles in Maczków, winter 1945/1946
Poles in Maczków, winter 1945/1946 - Poles in Maczków, winter 1945/1946 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
A Pole in Maczków - A Pole in Maczków, 1945
A Pole in Maczków
A Pole in Maczków - A Pole in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
St. Martins Church in Maczków  - St. Martins Church in Maczków during the time it was in the pastoral care of Polish clergy (today: St. Martinus in Haren), 1945
St. Martins Church in Maczków
St. Martins Church in Maczków - St. Martins Church in Maczków during the time it was in the pastoral care of Polish clergy (today: St. Martinus in Haren), 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
A wedding ceremony for around 100 Polish couples - A wedding ceremony for around 100 Polish couples in St Martins Church, Maczków, 1945
A wedding ceremony for around 100 Polish couples
A wedding ceremony for around 100 Polish couples - A wedding ceremony for around 100 Polish couples in St Martins Church, Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Poles in Maczków, winter 1945/1946
Poles in Maczków, winter 1945/1946
A Pole in Maczków
A Pole in Maczków, 1945
St. Martins Church in Maczków
St. Martins Church in Maczków during the time it was in the pastoral care of Polish clergy (today: St. Martinus in Haren), 1945
A wedding ceremony for around 100 Polish couples
A wedding ceremony for around 100 Polish couples in St Martins Church, Maczków, 1945
A Polish bridal couple in front of St. Martins Church in Maczków - A Polish bridal couple in front of St. Martins Church in Maczków, 1945
A Polish bridal couple in front of St. Martins Church in Maczków
A Polish bridal couple in front of St. Martins Church in Maczków - A Polish bridal couple in front of St. Martins Church in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Heiratsurkunde aus Maczków (Haren an der Ems) von Janina Maćkowska und Henryk Kacała - Heiratsurkunde aus Maczków (Haren an der Ems) von Janina Maćkowska und Henryk Kacała, ausgestellt am 27. Juni 1946
Heiratsurkunde aus Maczków (Haren an der Ems) von Janina Maćkowska und Henryk Kacała
Heiratsurkunde aus Maczków (Haren an der Ems) von Janina Maćkowska und Henryk Kacała - Heiratsurkunde aus Maczków (Haren an der Ems) von Janina Maćkowska und Henryk Kacała, ausgestellt am 27. Juni 1946 © Heimatverein Haren 2018
Young Polish women in Maczków - Young Polish women in Maczków, 1945
Young Polish women in Maczków
Young Polish women in Maczków - Young Polish women in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
A canteen and cultural space in Maczków - A canteen and cultural space in Maczków, 1945
A canteen and cultural space in Maczków
A canteen and cultural space in Maczków - A canteen and cultural space in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
A Polish bridal couple in front of St. Martins Church in Maczków
A Polish bridal couple in front of St. Martins Church in Maczków, 1945
Heiratsurkunde aus Maczków (Haren an der Ems) von Janina Maćkowska und Henryk Kacała
Heiratsurkunde aus Maczków (Haren an der Ems) von Janina Maćkowska und Henryk Kacała, ausgestellt am 27. Juni 1946
Young Polish women in Maczków
Young Polish women in Maczków, 1945
A canteen and cultural space in Maczków
A canteen and cultural space in Maczków, 1945
Maczków, 1945 - Maczków, 1945
Maczków, 1945
Maczków, 1945 - Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
A Pole in Maczków, 1945 - A Pole in Maczków, 1945
A Pole in Maczków, 1945
A Pole in Maczków, 1945 - A Pole in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Poles in Maczków, 1945 - Poles in Maczków, 1945
Poles in Maczków, 1945
Poles in Maczków, 1945 - Poles in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Polish Boy Scouts marching through Maczków - Polish Boy Scouts marching through Maczków, 1946
Polish Boy Scouts marching through Maczków
Polish Boy Scouts marching through Maczków - Polish Boy Scouts marching through Maczków, 1946 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Maczków, 1945
Maczków, 1945
A Pole in Maczków, 1945
A Pole in Maczków, 1945
Poles in Maczków, 1945
Poles in Maczków, 1945
Polish Boy Scouts marching through Maczków
Polish Boy Scouts marching through Maczków, 1946
An address given by General Klemens Rudnicki  - An address given by General Klemens Rudnicki (Commander of the I. Polish Tank Division from May 1945) in Maczków, 1945
An address given by General Klemens Rudnicki
An address given by General Klemens Rudnicki - An address given by General Klemens Rudnicki (Commander of the I. Polish Tank Division from May 1945) in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
The I. Tank Division in Maczków - The I. Tank Division in Maczków, 1945
The I. Tank Division in Maczków
The I. Tank Division in Maczków - The I. Tank Division in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
An UNRRA vehicle in Maczków - An UNRRA vehicle in Maczków, 1945
An UNRRA vehicle in Maczków
An UNRRA vehicle in Maczków - An UNRRA vehicle in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Students from the Polish school in Maczków - Students from the Polish school in Maczków, 1945
Students from the Polish school in Maczków
Students from the Polish school in Maczków - Students from the Polish school in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
An address given by General Klemens Rudnicki
An address given by General Klemens Rudnicki (Commander of the I. Polish Tank Division from May 1945) in Maczków, 1945
The I. Tank Division in Maczków
The I. Tank Division in Maczków, 1945
An UNRRA vehicle in Maczków
An UNRRA vehicle in Maczków, 1945
Students from the Polish school in Maczków
Students from the Polish school in Maczków, 1945
Students from the Polish school in Maczków - Students from the Polish school in Maczków, 1945
Students from the Polish school in Maczków
Students from the Polish school in Maczków - Students from the Polish school in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Students from the Polish school in Maczków - Students from the Polish school in Maczków, 1945
Students from the Polish school in Maczków
Students from the Polish school in Maczków - Students from the Polish school in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
A visit to the Polish school in Maczków - A visit to the Polish school in Maczków, 1945
A visit to the Polish school in Maczków
A visit to the Polish school in Maczków - A visit to the Polish school in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
The symbol of the “Związek Automobilistów Polskich na Obczyźnie” (The Association of Polish Car Drivers in Exile) - The symbol of the “Związek Automobilistów Polskich na Obczyźnie” (The Association of Polish Car Drivers in Exile) in Maczków, 1946
The symbol of the “Związek Automobilistów Polskich na Obczyźnie” (The Association of Polish Car Drivers in Exile)
The symbol of the “Związek Automobilistów Polskich na Obczyźnie” (The Association of Polish Car Drivers in Exile) - The symbol of the “Związek Automobilistów Polskich na Obczyźnie” (The Association of Polish Car Drivers in Exile) in Maczków, 1946 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Students from the Polish school in Maczków
Students from the Polish school in Maczków, 1945
Students from the Polish school in Maczków
Students from the Polish school in Maczków, 1945
A visit to the Polish school in Maczków
A visit to the Polish school in Maczków, 1945
The symbol of the “Związek Automobilistów Polskich na Obczyźnie” (The Association of Polish Car Drivers in Exile)
The symbol of the “Związek Automobilistów Polskich na Obczyźnie” (The Association of Polish Car Drivers in Exile) in Maczków, 1946
Teachers and driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków - Teachers and driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków, 1945
Teachers and driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków
Teachers and driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków - Teachers and driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Teachers and driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków - Teachers and driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków, 1945
Teachers and driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków
Teachers and driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków - Teachers and driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków - Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków, 1945
Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków
Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków - Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków - Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków, 1945
Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków
Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków - Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Teachers and driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków
Teachers and driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków, 1945
Teachers and driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków
Teachers and driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków, 1945
Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków
Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków, 1945
Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków
Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków, 1945
Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków - Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków, 1945
Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków
Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków - Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków - Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków, 1945
Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków
Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków - Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Car school workshop in Maczków - Car school workshop in Maczków, 1945
Car school workshop in Maczków
Car school workshop in Maczków - Car school workshop in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Car school workshop in Maczków - Car school workshop in Maczków, 1945
Car school workshop in Maczków
Car school workshop in Maczków - Car school workshop in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków
Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków, 1945
Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków
Driving-lesson students during their professional training in Maczków, 1945
Car school workshop in Maczków
Car school workshop in Maczków, 1945
Car school workshop in Maczków
Car school workshop in Maczków, 1945
Car school workshop in Maczków - Car school workshop in Maczków, 1945
Car school workshop in Maczków
Car school workshop in Maczków - Car school workshop in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
The driving school workshop in Maczków - The driving school workshop in Maczków, 1945
The driving school workshop in Maczków
The driving school workshop in Maczków - The driving school workshop in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Driver training in Maczków - Driver training in Maczków, 1945
Driver training in Maczków
Driver training in Maczków - Driver training in Maczków, 1945 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
An UNRRA questionnaire on transport back home - An UNRRA questionnaire on transport back home, May 1946
An UNRRA questionnaire on transport back home
An UNRRA questionnaire on transport back home - An UNRRA questionnaire on transport back home, May 1946 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Car school workshop in Maczków
Car school workshop in Maczków, 1945
The driving school workshop in Maczków
The driving school workshop in Maczków, 1945
Driver training in Maczków
Driver training in Maczków, 1945
An UNRRA questionnaire on transport back home
An UNRRA questionnaire on transport back home, May 1946
Poles leaving Maczków - Poles leaving Maczków, 1948
Poles leaving Maczków
Poles leaving Maczków - Poles leaving Maczków, 1948 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Poles leaving Maczków - Poles leaving Maczków, 1948
Poles leaving Maczków
Poles leaving Maczków - Poles leaving Maczków, 1948 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Poles leaving Maczków - Poles leaving Maczków, 1948
Poles leaving Maczków
Poles leaving Maczków - Poles leaving Maczków, 1948 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
A letter of gratitude written by Polish members of the municipal administration in Maczków to Paul Rousseau - A letter of gratitude written by Polish members of the municipal administration in Maczków to Paul Rousseau, the Head of UNRRA in Maczków, 25th September 1946
A letter of gratitude written by Polish members of the municipal administration in Maczków to Paul Rousseau
A letter of gratitude written by Polish members of the municipal administration in Maczków to Paul Rousseau - A letter of gratitude written by Polish members of the municipal administration in Maczków to Paul Rousseau, the Head of UNRRA in Maczków, 25th September 1946 © Gilles Lapers / Paul Rousseau
Poles leaving Maczków
Poles leaving Maczków, 1948
Poles leaving Maczków
Poles leaving Maczków, 1948
Poles leaving Maczków
Poles leaving Maczków, 1948
A letter of gratitude written by Polish members of the municipal administration in Maczków to Paul Rousseau
A letter of gratitude written by Polish members of the municipal administration in Maczków to Paul Rousseau, the Head of UNRRA in Maczków, 25th September 1946
Members of the Polish “Armia Krajowa“ (Home Army) in Maczków, 1946 - Members of the Polish “Armia Krajowa“ (Home Army) in Maczków, 1946
Members of the Polish “Armia Krajowa“ (Home Army) in Maczków, 1946
Members of the Polish “Armia Krajowa“ (Home Army) in Maczków, 1946 - Members of the Polish “Armia Krajowa“ (Home Army) in Maczków, 1946 © Piotr Ordon / From the archive belonging to Aleksandra Sękowska
Poles in Maczków - Poles in Maczków, 1946
Poles in Maczków
Poles in Maczków - Poles in Maczków, 1946 © Piotr Ordon / From the archive belonging to Aleksandra Sękowska
The teaching staff at the Polish primary school in Maczków - The teaching staff at the Polish primary school in Maczków, 1946
The teaching staff at the Polish primary school in Maczków
The teaching staff at the Polish primary school in Maczków - The teaching staff at the Polish primary school in Maczków, 1946 © Piotr Ordon / From the archive belonging to Aleksandra Sękowska
The teaching staff at the Polish secondary school and lyceum in Maczków - The teaching staff at the Polish secondary school and lyceum in Maczków (middle row, third from the right: the headmaster, Nowakowski), 15th March 1946
The teaching staff at the Polish secondary school and lyceum in Maczków
The teaching staff at the Polish secondary school and lyceum in Maczków - The teaching staff at the Polish secondary school and lyceum in Maczków (middle row, third from the right: the headmaster, Nowakowski), 15th March 1946 © Piotr Ordon / From the archive belonging to Aleksandra Sękowska
Members of the Polish “Armia Krajowa“ (Home Army) in Maczków, 1946
Members of the Polish “Armia Krajowa“ (Home Army) in Maczków, 1946
Poles in Maczków
Poles in Maczków, 1946
The teaching staff at the Polish primary school in Maczków
The teaching staff at the Polish primary school in Maczków, 1946
The teaching staff at the Polish secondary school and lyceum in Maczków
The teaching staff at the Polish secondary school and lyceum in Maczków (middle row, third from the right: the headmaster, Nowakowski), 15th March 1946
The teaching staff at the Polish secondary school and lyceum in Maczków (rear side) - The teaching staff at the Polish secondary school and lyceum in Maczków (rear side), 15th March 1946
The teaching staff at the Polish secondary school and lyceum in Maczków (rear side)
The teaching staff at the Polish secondary school and lyceum in Maczków (rear side) - The teaching staff at the Polish secondary school and lyceum in Maczków (rear side), 15th March 1946 © Piotr Ordon / / From the archive belonging to Aleksandra Sękowska
Program wieczoru satyrycznego „Wielkie Pranie w Maczkowie“ - Program wieczoru satyrycznego „Wielkie Pranie w Maczkowie“ z Archiwum Aleksandry Sękowskiej, 1946 r.
Program wieczoru satyrycznego „Wielkie Pranie w Maczkowie“
Program wieczoru satyrycznego „Wielkie Pranie w Maczkowie“ - Program wieczoru satyrycznego „Wielkie Pranie w Maczkowie“ z Archiwum Aleksandry Sękowskiej, 1946 r.
A jokey poem “Klasa II a Liceum w Maczkowie”  - A jokey poem “Klasa II a Liceum w Maczkowie” (Class II A and the lyceum in Maczków), November 1945
A jokey poem “Klasa II a Liceum w Maczkowie”
A jokey poem “Klasa II a Liceum w Maczkowie” - A jokey poem “Klasa II a Liceum w Maczkowie” (Class II A and the lyceum in Maczków), November 1945
Śpiewnik pieśni z Maczkowa z Archiwum Aleksandry Sękowskiej - Śpiewnik pieśni z Maczkowa z Archiwum Aleksandry Sękowskiej, 1988 r.
Śpiewnik pieśni z Maczkowa z Archiwum Aleksandry Sękowskiej
Śpiewnik pieśni z Maczkowa z Archiwum Aleksandry Sękowskiej - Śpiewnik pieśni z Maczkowa z Archiwum Aleksandry Sękowskiej, 1988 r.
The teaching staff at the Polish secondary school and lyceum in Maczków (rear side)
The teaching staff at the Polish secondary school and lyceum in Maczków (rear side), 15th March 1946
Program wieczoru satyrycznego „Wielkie Pranie w Maczkowie“
Program wieczoru satyrycznego „Wielkie Pranie w Maczkowie“ z Archiwum Aleksandry Sękowskiej, 1946 r.
A jokey poem “Klasa II a Liceum w Maczkowie”
A jokey poem “Klasa II a Liceum w Maczkowie” (Class II A and the lyceum in Maczków), November 1945
Śpiewnik pieśni z Maczkowa z Archiwum Aleksandry Sękowskiej
Śpiewnik pieśni z Maczkowa z Archiwum Aleksandry Sękowskiej, 1988 r.
Jednodniówka maturzystek i maturzystów z polskiego liceum w Maczkowie  - Jednodniówka maturzystek i maturzystów z polskiego liceum w Maczkowie z Archiwum Aleksandry Sękowskiej, 25, listopad 1946 r.
Jednodniówka maturzystek i maturzystów z polskiego liceum w Maczkowie
Jednodniówka maturzystek i maturzystów z polskiego liceum w Maczkowie - Jednodniówka maturzystek i maturzystów z polskiego liceum w Maczkowie z Archiwum Aleksandry Sękowskiej, 25, listopad 1946 r.
„Dziennik Informacyjny” z Maczkowa z Archiwum Aleksandry Sękowskiej - „Dziennik Informacyjny” z Maczkowa z Archiwum Aleksandry Sękowskiej, 4. czerwiec 1946 r.
„Dziennik Informacyjny” z Maczkowa z Archiwum Aleksandry Sękowskiej
„Dziennik Informacyjny” z Maczkowa z Archiwum Aleksandry Sękowskiej - „Dziennik Informacyjny” z Maczkowa z Archiwum Aleksandry Sękowskiej, 4. czerwiec 1946 r.
A picture made in Maczków, signature bottom right: “M.K.” - A picture made in Maczków, signature bottom right: “M.K. Maczków 1946”, oil on wood, 44 x 70 cm
A picture made in Maczków, signature bottom right: “M.K.”
A picture made in Maczków, signature bottom right: “M.K.” - A picture made in Maczków, signature bottom right: “M.K. Maczków 1946”, oil on wood, 44 x 70 cm © Heimatverein Haren
A poster issued by the education and culture office - A poster issued by the education and culture office: An invitation to a concert given by a German orchestra, hand print on cardboard, 1946, 52,5 x 64 cm
A poster issued by the education and culture office
A poster issued by the education and culture office - A poster issued by the education and culture office: An invitation to a concert given by a German orchestra, hand print on cardboard, 1946, 52,5 x 64 cm © Heimatverein Haren
Jednodniówka maturzystek i maturzystów z polskiego liceum w Maczkowie
Jednodniówka maturzystek i maturzystów z polskiego liceum w Maczkowie z Archiwum Aleksandry Sękowskiej, 25, listopad 1946 r.
„Dziennik Informacyjny” z Maczkowa z Archiwum Aleksandry Sękowskiej
„Dziennik Informacyjny” z Maczkowa z Archiwum Aleksandry Sękowskiej, 4. czerwiec 1946 r.
A picture made in Maczków, signature bottom right: “M.K.”
A picture made in Maczków, signature bottom right: “M.K. Maczków 1946”, oil on wood, 44 x 70 cm
A poster issued by the education and culture office
A poster issued by the education and culture office: An invitation to a concert given by a German orchestra, hand print on cardboard, 1946, 52,5 x 64 cm
A school student
A school student's identity card for the Polish secondary school and lyceum in Maczków
A school student's identity card for the Polish secondary school and lyceum in Maczków - A school student's identity card for the Polish secondary school and lyceum in Maczków, containing the signature of the headmaster, Tadeusz Nowakowski, issued to Norbert Gawroński on 24th October 1945 © From the archive belonging to Norbert Gawroński
Norbert Gawroński, self-portrait, made in Maczków - Norbert Gawroński, self-portrait, made in Maczków, 6th January 1947, pastel on paper, 29,5 x 21 cm
Norbert Gawroński, self-portrait, made in Maczków
Norbert Gawroński, self-portrait, made in Maczków - Norbert Gawroński, self-portrait, made in Maczków, 6th January 1947, pastel on paper, 29,5 x 21 cm © From the archive belonging to Norbert Gawroński
Declaration of commitment for voluntary entry into the “Polish Resettlement Corps” - Declaration of commitment for voluntary entry into the “Polish Resettlement Corps”, signed by Norbert Gawroński before being transferred from Maczków to Great Britain, 24th February 1947
Declaration of commitment for voluntary entry into the “Polish Resettlement Corps”
Declaration of commitment for voluntary entry into the “Polish Resettlement Corps” - Declaration of commitment for voluntary entry into the “Polish Resettlement Corps”, signed by Norbert Gawroński before being transferred from Maczków to Great Britain, 24th February 1947 © From the archive belonging to Norbert Gawroński
Poles in Maczków - Poles in Maczków, 1946/1947 (from the archive belonging to Norbert Gawroński)
Poles in Maczków
Poles in Maczków - Poles in Maczków, 1946/1947 (from the archive belonging to Norbert Gawroński) © From the archive belonging to Norbert Gawroński
A school student's identity card for the Polish secondary school and lyceum in Maczków
A school student's identity card for the Polish secondary school and lyceum in Maczków, containing the signature of the headmaster, Tadeusz Nowakowski, issued to Norbert Gawroński on 24th October 1945
Norbert Gawroński, self-portrait, made in Maczków
Norbert Gawroński, self-portrait, made in Maczków, 6th January 1947, pastel on paper, 29,5 x 21 cm
Declaration of commitment for voluntary entry into the “Polish Resettlement Corps”
Declaration of commitment for voluntary entry into the “Polish Resettlement Corps”, signed by Norbert Gawroński before being transferred from Maczków to Great Britain, 24th February 1947
Poles in Maczków
Poles in Maczków, 1946/1947 (from the archive belonging to Norbert Gawroński)
Floodings in Maczków, 1946 - Floodings in Maczków, 1946
Floodings in Maczków, 1946
Floodings in Maczków, 1946 - Floodings in Maczków, 1946 © Krzysztof Nowakowski, London 2019
Flooding in Meppen, 1946 - Signpost to Haren in front of the old district court in Meppen
Flooding in Meppen, 1946
Flooding in Meppen, 1946 - Signpost to Haren in front of the old district court in Meppen © Krzysztof Nowakowski, London 2019
Maczków. Polnische Enklave in Norddeutschland - Hörspiel von "COSMO Radio po polsku" auf Deutsch - In Zusammenarbeit mit "COSMO Radio po polsku" präsentieren wir Hörspiele zu ausgewählten Themen unseres Portals.
Maczków. Polnische Enklave in Norddeutschland - Hörspiel von "COSMO Radio po polsku" auf Deutsch
Maczków. Polnische Enklave in Norddeutschland - Hörspiel von "COSMO Radio po polsku" auf Deutsch - In Zusammenarbeit mit "COSMO Radio po polsku" präsentieren wir Hörspiele zu ausgewählten Themen unseres Portals.
Paradies auf Zeit - wie aus Haren Maczków wurde - „Paradies auf Zeit – wie aus Haren Maczków wurde“: Ein neuer Film (2020) über die polnische Enklave in Deutschland, Maczków an der Ems 1945-1948.
Paradies auf Zeit - wie aus Haren Maczków wurde
Paradies auf Zeit - wie aus Haren Maczków wurde
Floodings in Maczków, 1946
Floodings in Maczków, 1946
Flooding in Meppen, 1946
Signpost to Haren in front of the old district court in Meppen
Maczków. Polnische Enklave in Norddeutschland - Hörspiel von "COSMO Radio po polsku" auf Deutsch
In Zusammenarbeit mit "COSMO Radio po polsku" präsentieren wir Hörspiele zu ausgewählten Themen unseres Portals.
Paradies auf Zeit - wie aus Haren Maczków wurde
„Paradies auf Zeit – wie aus Haren Maczków wurde“: Ein neuer Film (2020) über die polnische Enklave in Deutschland, Maczków an der Ems 1945-1948.
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The town of Haren, initially known as Lwów, and later as Maczków, 1945.
The town of Haren, initially known as Lwów, and later as Maczków, 1945.

Poles in Emsland
 

The north-western part of Germany, known as the Emsland, was captured by Stanisław Maczek's First Tank Division, and after the war ended the region was allotted to the British occupation zone. Since the area was under Polish administration for a while, it was also known as the "Polish Occupation Zone in Germany". It extended over 6,500 square kilometres to include the districts of Aschendorf, Meppen and Lingen as well as the counties of Bentheim, Bensbrück and Cloppenburg with all their villages.

Thousands of Poles, most of whom were liberated from concentration camps and POW camps, were living in the area occupied by General Maczek and his troops. Another large group consisted of former forced labourers. The Poles soon referred to these people as "dipisi", a nickname derived from the abbreviation of the English term "Displaced Persons" (DPs), the term used by aid organisations and the occupying powers in Germany. The first definition of the term in November 1944 was that of:

"... civilians who are outside their state for reasons of war; those who want to return or find a new home but are unable to do so without outside help" (Lembeck, p. 38).

In mid-May 1945, General Henry Crerar, commander of the Second Canadian Corps (at whose side the First Polish Tank Division had fought, suggested to the commander-in-chief of the British occupying forces, Gen. Bernard Montgomery, the idea of setting up a Polish enclave in a part of the Emsland. Montgomery accepted this proposal and the Prime Minister of Great Britain, Winston Churchil, gave the order to establish an occupation corps of Polish soldiers.

According to estimates by the Polish historian Jan Rydel, around 40,000 DPs and prisoners of war from various nations were present in Emsland in August 1945. That said, after the Russian prisoners of war and the interned Italian soldiers had returned home the majority of these were Polish. In November 1945, the proportion of foreigners in Lower Saxony, to which the Emsland belonged, is said to have been around 6%.

The conglomeration of thousands of people, who were often in a wretched state of health and had great material needs, caused many problems. To make room for the newcomers, the houses belonging to the Germans were vacated. In Emsland, these measures were initiated on 19. May 1945, when the mayor of Haren, Hermann Wichers, received the order to evacuate his town.